savagery, Prophet Muhammad said; “Each human’s life and possessions are sacrosanct. The blood feuds of Ignorance (pre-Islamic days) are abolished. Every claim arising out of homicide is henceforth waived.” To set a personal example, Prophet Muhammad announced that he was giving up one such outstanding claim of his clan.
Prophet Muhammad declared a manifesto for economic ethics, the obligation to pay off debts and stand by financial guarantees and the duty to avoid usury and other types of exploitation: “Your capital and your property are sacred and inviolate and yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer injustice. All debts must be repaid. All borrowed property must be returned, all gifts must be reciprocated, and all financial losses compensated by the guarantors. All interest and usurious dues accruing from Ignorance (pre-Islamic days) also stand waived." Again, leading by personal example, he said that he would pay back all the interest charged by his money-lending uncle.
Prophet Muhammad continued: "O People, you have certain rights over your women, and your women have certain rights over you... It is for them not to commit acts of impropriety, which if they do, you are authorized to separate them from your beds and chastise them, but not harmfully... My dictum to you is that you treat women well and be kind to them; they are your partners."
The next admonition of Prophet Muhammad, regarding the treatment of slaves, was pioneering: "Your slaves are your brethren; See to it that you feed them with such food as you eat yourselves and clothe them with the clothes you yourselves wear. If a black slave is appointed your leader, listen to him and obey [him].”
After reminding the believers to adhere to the teachings of the Quran, including giving charity duty and performing the Hajj, he called for solidarity of all believers: "Believers constitute one brotherhood. Every Believer is a brother unto other Believers. Therefore, the property of one is unlawful to the other unless given willingly. Do not be unjust to one another." He warned against religious extremism: "Be moderate in religious matters, for excesses caused the destruction of earlier communities."
Prophet Muhammad concluded: “O People, you will meet your Lord and be accountable for your actions. Have I faithfully delivered unto you my message?" he asked. "O God’s Messenger, Yes," replied the multitude. The Prophet raised his forefingers and said “O Lord, bear witness.” At sunset, he mounted his camel followed by the rest. As a commotion broke out, he called out “Gently, gently, in the quietness of soul! And let the strong among you have a care for the weak.”
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"There is no superiority for an Arab over a non-Arab and for a non-Arab over an Arab or for a white [person] over a black [person] or for a black [person] over a white [person], except in piety." Prophet Muhammad declared that message of equality in 632 AD. He was delivering this sermon during his only pilgrimage to Mecca. He climbed the Mount of Mercy at the valley of Arafat to deliver what amounted to his last will. He died two months later.
Hear me, O People, for I do not know if I shall ever meet with you in this place after this year," He began, calling out “O People,” and not “O Muslims,” intending his words for all humankind. Emphasizing the plurality of humanity, Prophet Muhammad cited the Quran: “O People, We created you from one male and one female, and made you into tribes and nations, Speaking of the sanctity of human life and the need to end tribal